About Knee Replacement
The knee joint is one of the most complex joints in the body. Apart from bending and straightening, it allows other complex movements such as rotation and gliding. The natural knee consists of three bones: the thigh bone (Femur), the shin bone (Tibia) and the knee cap (Patella). The lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia and the undersurface of the patella are all covered by articular cartilage. The articular cartilage is a tough and a very smooth material that ensures movement of the knee both pain free and smooth. Between the two ends of the femur and tibia lies cartilaginous tissue known as Meniscus, which acts as padding. The knee joint is enclosed in a Joint Capsule. The inner surface of the joint capsule is lined with the synovial is membrane that produces Synovial Fluid (a viscous fluid that provides friction free sliding). Working together, the synovial fluid and menisci, act as a shock absorber. They absorb the powerful forces the impact on the joint during exercise and activity. Envelopes of tough ligaments connect the femur and tibia, covering the joint and stabilizing it. The knee's movements are initiated and controlled by the strong muscles of the thigh and lower leg. A healthy knee joint will allow the leg to move freely within its range of motion, while absorbing the impact that results from activities such as walking and running.